Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterised by darkening of certain areas of the skin due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment that gives skin its colour. It can affect people of all skin types and can be caused by various factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, inflammation, and skin injuries. Hyperpigmentation can manifest in different forms, such as:

• Sunspots (Solar Lentigines): Dark spots or patches that develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, hands, arms, and chest, due to prolonged sun exposure.

• Melasma: Also known as a "pregnancy mask," melasma causes brown or greyish-brown patches to appear on the face, particularly on the cheeks, forehead, nose, and upper lip. It is often triggered by hormonal changes, such as those during pregnancy or while taking hormonal birth control pills.

• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH): Dark patches or spots that develop after skin inflammation or injury, such as acne, burns, cuts, or insect bites. PIH can affect any part of the body and may persist for months or even years after the initial injury has healed.

Freckles: Small, flat, brown spots that develop on sun-exposed areas of the skin, particularly in fair-skinned individuals. Freckles are usually harmless and may darken with

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